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Stanford slack9/4/2023 It copies the genetic instructions in DNA onto messenger RNA, which ferries them to the cellular factories where proteins are made. The first step in doing that is transcription. The instructions contained in our DNA would be useless without a way to carry them out. The discovery inspired other scientists to go looking for two quarks and a neutrino to round out the third particle family. In 1995 he shared the Nobel Prize in physics. In 1975, after years of persistent trying in the face of widespread skepticism, Perl discovered the first member of the third particle family – the tau lepton, which is 3,500 times more massive than its cousin, the electron. When the powerful SPEAR collider became available in 1973, he began looking there, too, in the debris from electron-positron collisions. He immediately started searching for a third family at the new accelerator. But SLAC’s Martin Perl wondered: Why not? There was no reason to think a third family of particles existed. When SLAC’s 2-mile-long linear accelerator turned on in 1962, scientists had identified two families of fundamental particles that each contained two leptons, including the familiar electron that orbits the nucleus of atoms.
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